Practical considerations in sampling human milk composition and breast milk intake volumes in the us laurie nommsenrivers, 3 university of cincinnati considerations and complexities in standardizing collection, storage, and analysis effects of sampling, sample handling, and analysis on human milk composition data. Human milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization. Many mothers do not realize there is a difference between breast milk and formula. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a. Breast milk exclusive breastfeeding widely recommended optimal nutrition for health, growth and development a highly complex mixture of nutrients dissolved or emulsified in water human milk composition is influenced by.
Breast milk composition and breastfeeding practice are some of the most influential factors of child outcomes 4 5 6. Domperidone is increasingly prescribed to improve breast milk volume despite a lack of evidence regarding its effects on breast milk composition. A healthy mother does not need any additional vitamins or nutritional supplements, with the exception of vitamin d. As your babys first food, you might expect your breast milk ingredients to include basic essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods. Samples of human milk from mothers living in different areas of. Evidencebased information on composition of breast milk from hundreds of trustworthy sources for health and social care. The aim of this study was to assess the fa composition of breast milk sampled at three time points within feed, and to determine associations with red blood cell rbc total phospholipid fa levels. Breastmilk composition nutrition and brain development. Milk and dairy products food and agriculture organization. Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of her infant. Breast milk does contain some vitamin d, and vitamin d is produced by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight.
For infants of mothers with breastmilk samples bfms, energy and macronutrient intake from. Formula human milk substitutes history regulation composition and indications formula composition breast milk as gold standard attempt to duplicate composition of breast milk. Effect of breast massage on milk composition american. The aim of the present study is to list the compositions of milk of different species and discuss their nutritional values. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and between mothers and populations. The human milk microbiome and factors influencing its. Breastmilk contains many factors which help protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to the development of a childs immune system and a. Human milk composition and dietary intakes of breastfeeding. Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of. Handbook of milk composition adapted from michaelsen et al. Four components are dominant in quantitative terms. Breast milk composition changes to match the age and various nutritional requirements of your child.
Breast milk intake of 10 infants was determined by testweighing for 1 or more months during months 716 of lactation. The fat and lactose, respectively, provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of the milk 11. We examined the effect of domperidone on the nutrient composition of breast milk. Agostoni c, marangoni f, lammardo am, giovanni m, riva e, galli c.
After 6 months of age, you should introduce solid foods to accommodate the changes in your breast milk. In general, human breast milk fat content ranges from 3. Its full of nutrients that feed and protect your baby, but did you know breast milk composition varies over time. The composition of human breast milk changes in response to many factors, matching the infants requirements according to its age and other characteristics.
Mature milk continues to change over the course of the first year. Moreover, milk fat is a carrier of taste and aroma. Breast milk composition changes as baby grows in age. All mammalian species produce milk, but the composition of milk for each species varies widely and other kinds of milk are often. But the composition of your breast milk can still change from day to day and feed to feed.
Breastfeeding, breast milk composition, and growth outcomes. The amount of variability in human milk attributable to diet remains mostly unknown. However, as you can see from the chart there are many differences between the two. From four weeks, the nutritional content and levels of ingredients in mature milk generally remain fairly consistent. Even though lactation comprises a relatively short period in the average persons lifespan, the exposure to breast milk in the first months of life occurs during a very critical period of rapid growth and development 2. Breastfeeding is the biologically normal way to feed babies. The following chart compares the composition of formula to that of human breast milk. Bioactivity, relationship, function of all factors present in breast milk.
In the uk, data for the nutrient composition of human breast milk are currently published within mccance and widdowsons the composition of foods, milk products. The composition of breastmilk, part 1 attachment parenting. Breast milk only breast milk and nonnutritious liquids breast milk and nutritious supplements no breast milk 28 source. In this twopost series, well take a look at what breastmilk is made of. Breastmilk contains many factors which help protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to the development of a childs immune system and a healthy gut microbiome. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted. Also, a ton of other molecules make breast milk more than just about nutrition. In general, cow milk is less rich in lactose, fat content. Milk is a considerable resource of products whose composition varies.
Breast milk also naturally contains many of the vitamins and minerals that a newborn requires. Finally, effective breastfeeding management relies on a knowledge of how the infant extracts milk from the breast. Human milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization bioactive factors key points human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. The duration of the milk feeding was not recorded consistently. It should be used in place of this raster image when not inferior. The factors in breast milk which influence these processes are still unclear and.
Sep 01, 2004 a technique of breast massage developed by midwife sotomi oketani is reported to increase the quality of breast milk for infants. Breast milk composition changes during a feed, and fat concentration increases with longer nursing sessions. Longitudinal aanalysis of macro and mineral in human milk. The approximate composition of breast milk is 87% water, 7% lactose, 4% fat, and 1% protein.
Pdf composition of breast milk of lactating adolescents in. Psychological benefits of breastfeeding emotional bonding. Hence, the composition of breastmilk is the biological norm for human babies. Composition and variation of the human milk microbiota are. Breastfeeding duration, milk fat composition and developmental indices at 1 year of life among breastfed infants.
Composition of human breast milk human breast milk is a complex matrix with a general composition of 87% water, 3. Breastfed infants have a growth pattern that is different from formulafed infants, which is regarded as the optimal growth pattern. In the present study, we investigated the composition of breast milk of an ethnically mixed population of nz women as a. For example, if you or your baby are ill, your body will make antibodies to fight that particular illness. Milk composition is an important factor in all stages of milk production, therefore the use of ir technology in determining milk composition has been employed in a variety of situations. Breast milk volume and composition during late lactation. In part 1, ill share information on colostrum and transitional milk, part 2 will present more on mature and involutional milk. Fats are the most important composition of breast milk, supplying energy and helping the development of the central nervous system. It is widely reported that maternal diet influences the nutritional composition of breast milk. Find out whats in breast milk and how it changes to meet your babys needs. In addition to those nutrients breast milk also provides the infant with immune factors, growth and hormone factors, and enzymes.
The fundamental composition of breast milk includes, protein, salt, and sugar, which are all contained in a fat suspension. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed a child. Milk and dairy product composition 41 abstract 41 3. The fat and lactose a type of carbsugar provide most of the energy in breast milk. Feb 12, 2019 breast milk composition changes during a feed, and fat concentration increases with longer nursing sessions. Impact of maternal nutrition on breastmilk composition. However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and. Fortysix mothers who had delivered infants at milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. Breast milk composition and infant nutrient intakes during the first 12.
Breastmilk composition australian breastfeeding association. In order to determine the most accurate preterm breast milk composition, analyses must be undertaken of all macronutrients in 24h collections from a large sample of healthy mothers over the course of lactation, using the best methodologies available. Breast milk is uniquely tailored by each mom to meet the specific needs of her baby. The dairy industry needs to utilize all the riches of this raw material, which is both simple in appearance and complex in composition. Breast milk composition of 119 samples collected by 46 women during months 720 of lactation was compared with composition of 101 samples collected at 46 months. Human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. The composition of human milk includes numbers for early milk and mature milk from the australian national health and medical research councils nhmrc infant feeding guidelines for health workers note. Jan 12, 2010 most everyone knows that breast is best for baby. Effect of domperidone on the composition of preterm human.